将 Debian 11 的 apt源更换为 aliyun，以提升国内环境 apt install 的速度。

  • Prepare
    确认版本信息

    hostnamectl

       Static hostname: VM-I1
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 4cf2ed6b5dac42cda3c311c6a38a9bff
           Boot ID: 230e1e88304640ada4cb938a266fcfa7
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
            Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-18-amd64
      Architecture: x86-64

  • 详细步骤

  1. 备份原 apt-get 源文件
cd /etc/apt
cp sources.list sources.list.bak
  1. 清除原 apt 源文件内容
> sources.list
  1. 添加 阿里云 apt 源
cd /etc/apt
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable main contrib non-free" >> sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free" >> sources.list
  1. 添加 清华 apt 源（Debian12 bookworm）
cd /etc/apt
echo "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free" >> sources.list
echo "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free" >> sources.list

注：这里使用 echo 的方式配置是因为有可能有些系统中并未默认带有 vi 工具(比如 docker 镜像中的 debian 基础镜像中就不带 vi 工具)

效果

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.5.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20220910-10:40]/ bullseye contrib main

#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.5.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20220910-10:40]/ bullseye contrib main

#deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib

# bullseye-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
  1. 更新 apt

执行如下命令更新 apt 源

apt update

  • 验证总结

    验证配置

    执行cat sources.list查看文件内容，可以看到配置已经文件。
    再执行apt update，如果输出内容中有包含 mirrors.aliyun.com，表示设置已经生效

    root@15ee503df884:/etc/apt# cat sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian  stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian  stable-updates main contrib non-free
root@15ee503df884:/etc/apt# apt update
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable InRelease [121 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates InRelease [49.3 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable/non-free amd64 Packages [87.7 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable/main amd64 Packages [7905 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable/contrib amd64 Packages [51.0 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates/main amd64 Packages [7380 B]
Fetched 8222 kB in 4s (2157 kB/s)                    
Reading package lists... Done

    可以看到，文件内容已经更新，且 apt-get 的源已经切换到了 aliyun。完事收工！

  • 附录

    参考阿里云镜像站

    https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/debian

    阿里云 debian 镜像支持版本

    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/dists/

  • 安装常用命令

    apt install -y net-tools vim wget lrzsz zip unzip ufw uuid-runtime

    apt install -y nmtui locale